Sweet Chocopink!: 2015

BAHASA INGGRIS III

(ENGLISH FOR BUSINESS)

Unit 3: Request, Permission, and Offers

Lecturer: Dien Mardiana Yulianti, S.S., M.pd.

Created By:

Anna Niqris (2014100143)

Dhanu Eka Nugraha (2014100185)

Hanif Sila Prabawati (2014100124)

Class: 03 MATMA

Room: WT.A.10

Program Studi Matematika

Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam

Universitas Pamulang

2015

Looking at language

The way we make a request ask for permission or make an offer depends on:

§ The relationship between the people involved and

§ How likely it is that we will get a positive answer

A. Requests

A request is when we ask someone to do something:

William, would you make me a cup of coffee?

We use the modal verbs can, could, will or would on requests

Can you put them in our room, please?

Could I have my glasses, please?

Would you pass me my glasses?

Would you mind phoning the doctor for me?

Would you mind if I borrowed your pen, please?

Will you come with me to the dentist, please?

In formal letters and formal emails, we can use the following expressions:

I would be grateful if you could send me more information about the course.

We would be most grateful if you could send someone to meet us at the airport as we do not speak Japanese.

In informal, spoken English we sometimes make requests using Do you want to … or Would you like to …

A: Do you want to get me a glass of water? B: Yes, OK.

We often add just in spoken English:

Would you like to just open a window for me?

In other informal situation we can say:

You don’t mind …ing (…) (for me), do you?

Do me a favour, will you?

Sometimes we use Can / Could I have … with the meaning Can you get it for me?:

Can I have my suitcase? (Can you get my suitcase for me?)

Can/Could I ask you to ….?

Requests are often longer when the situation is more formal, and / or there’s a strong possibility of a negative response. Compare :

Can you give me your pencil for a minute? (informal, likely to get a positive response)

This is a huge favour, but I was wondering I you could lend me your music system for the party? (more formal, less likely to get a positive response)

Here are some other expressions to make requests longer and more polite:

Would it be possible to borrow your car tonight?

Do you think you could help me?

Could you call a taxi for me, please?

Would you ask Rose whether she has signed the card, please?

Would you mind collecting my suit from the dry cleaner’s, please?

Do you think you could come in ten minutes early tomorrow, before the presentation?

We sometimes use can you and will you to make requests but they are more informal:

Mum, can you wake me at seven o’clock?

Will you send me an email tomorrow just to remind me to book a hotel?

We need is often used in work contexts by a boss or manager to ask for something to be done in a polite way:

We need to email the contract to Peter immediately.

We need someone to go to the meeting in Paris on Wednesday. Bill can’t go.

When we are not sure if someone will be able to do what we ask, we sometimes use you wouldn’t …, would you? or you couldn’t …, could you?:

You wouldn’t drop this into the post office for me, would you?

You couldn’t stop at a bank machine, could you?

I need is very direct and is usually used for urgent requests:

I need a doctor.

I need the fire extinguisher. Fast!

I want is very direct and can sound impolite. We don’t normally use it to make requests unless we want to be very direct:

I want to speak to the manager right now. I am not leaving here until I get my money back.

Response to requests

ü Positive response:

We use expressions such as:

· Yes, of course.

· Sure.

· Yeah .

· OK.

· No problem.

· Sure, I’d be glad/happy to …

· Of course

· Certainly

û Negative responses:

If you can’t do something, apologise and give an excuse:

· I’d loved to, but …z

· It sounds great, but …

· I’m/sorry, but …

· Sorry to say that …

Example:

Can you pick me up from the station? Oh, I’m so sorry, but I can’t. Our car is at the garage.

B. Asking for and giving permission

Asking Permission

We use Can / Could / May I …to ask if it as all right to do something:

A : Can / Could / May I give my homework in late? B: Well, all right since you’ve been unwell.

We can also use other more formal expressions.

Would you mind if I / Would it be all right if I went out, tonight?

Do you mind if I / Is it all right if I went out tonight?

We use can to give permission:

You can borrow the car whenever you want to.

Structures Used when Asking for Permission

Can I go out tonight?

Can they have dinner with us?

NOTE: The use of "Can I do something?" is very informal, and considered incorrect by many. However, it is used in everyday informal speech and for that reason has been included.

May I have another piece of pie?

May we go out with our friends tonight?

NOTE: Traditionally, the use of "May I do something?" has been used for asking permission. In modern society, this form has become a little more formal and is often replaced with other forms such as "Can I..." and "Could I ..." Many argue that "Can I ..." is incorrect because it refers to ability.

However, this form is quite common in everyday situations.

Could I please go with Tom to the movie?

Could we please go on trip this weekend?

Do you think I could use your cell phone?

Do you think I could borrow your car?

Would it be possible for me to use your computer for a few minutes?

Would it be possible for me to study in this room?

Would you mind if I stayed a few more minutes?

Would you mind if I took a five minute break?

Would you mind my using your cellphone?

Would you mind my playing your piano?

Giving Permission

If you would like to say "yes" to someone who asks permission, you can give permission using these phrases:

When giving permission people will sometimes also offer to help in other ways.

Refusing Permission

If you do not want to deny permission, you can these responses:

I'm afraid I'd prefer if you didn't / don't.

Sorry, but I'd rather you not do that.

Unfortunately, I need to say no.

I'm afraid that's not possible.

Saying 'no', is never fun, but sometimes it's necessary. It's common to offer a different solution to try to help out even if you can't give permission.

C. Offers

We use these expressions to say we will do something for someone.

Can I help you?

Shall I open the door for you?

I’II post those letters for you.

Would you like me to speak to him on your behalf?

Other points

§ The reques phrase I would be grateful if you could …. is useful in formal letters:

Following our telephone conversation, I would be grateful if you could send me a copy of your latest catalogue.

§ Ellipsis is common in very informal offers:

Want a cup of coffee? (Do you want …)

Like me to give you a lift home? (Would you like me …)

Responding to offers

ü Positive responses:

"Yes please. I'd like to know …."

"Yes please, that would be lovely."

"Yes please, I'd love one."

"If you wouldn't mind."

"If you could."

û Negative Response:

“No, thank you.”

“I’m fine, thank you.”

“That’s very kind, but no, thank you.”

“No thank you, I’m fine.”

Pronunciation

Would you and Could you are pronounced with a/d3/sound:

Could you pass me that newspaper?

/kud3u:/

Intonation: if we begin a request with ahigh intonation it sounds more polite.

D. Conjunction

Conjunction (conj/conj) is one of the kinds of words that connects 2 items (words, sentences, phrases, or clauses) together. In the Indonesian 'conjunction' is also known as conjunctions, coupling, or conjunctions.

Forms conjunctions / conjunctive

1. Coordinating Conjunction

Coordinating conjunctions, also called 'coordinators', a conjunction that connects two or more words, clauses, or sentences, which has the form of syntax (the rules in terms of making the sentence) of the same.

a) Cumulative Conjunctions

Cumulative Conjunction is shows the additional information about the subject. This group includes:

And

Again

Also

As well as

Besides

both … and

Further

Furthermore

Likewise

Moreover

no less than

not only…but also

Secondly

Example :

· Boby and Dhini are playing badminton.

· Diana stands beside Diani.

· Bogor not only has many kinds of delicious food, but also has many kinds of cultures.

· Let me know if you need any further assistance.

· Atiek was my classmate in senior high school also she is my best friend.

b) Alternative Conjunctions

Alternative conjunctions is shows the choice between two things.

either…or

neither…nor

Else

Otherwise

Example:

· We don't know it's right or wrong.

· They can't either send or receive letter.

· If the sun shines tomorrow, I will go swimming otherwise maybe I will try the new recipe in the kitchen.

c) Adversative Conjunctions

Adversative conjunction is shows the difference and the contrast between one another. This word group includes:

but

however

nevertheless

notwithstanding

on the contrary

only

still

whereas

while

yet

Example:

· John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is badminton.

· The man wearing glasses seems serius and stiff nevertheless, he sometimes laughs out loud with his frieds.

· Natural resources of Indonesia spread from sabang to merauke however they are not utilized properly.

d) Relative Conjunction

Relative conjunction group are show the conclusions.

Accordingly

Consequently

Hence

Thus

Wherefore

Example :

· Lamborghini cars are very sophisticated accordingly I want to have one.

· She loves to bread psychology books hence she is easy to understand other people.

· The worker came late consequently his salary for the next month will be cut.

2. Correlative Conjunction

Correlative conjunctions, also commonly called 'paired conjunctions', is conjunctive pairs that harmonize or adjust 2 items (words, sentences, phrases, or clauses).

a. Both ... and

Example: Both Muh. Shihab and Muh.Hasanbasri are the members of the New Generation Club.

Two subjects are connected by 'both ... and' is plural.

b. Not only ... but also

Examples:

Not only my sister but also my brother is in Makassar.

Not only my sister but also my brothers are in Makassar.

When there are two subjects that are connected by “not only ... but Also”, “either ... or”, or “Neither ... nor” the subject that is closer to verbs that will determine whether the verb is singular or plural.

c. Either ... or

Examples:

Either my sister or my brother is in Makassar.

Either my sister or my brothers are in Makassar.

d. Neither ... nor

Examples:

Neither my sister nor my brother is in Makassar.

Neither my sister nor my brothers are in Makassar.

e. Whether . . . or

Example: I’m confused whether to live in Jakarta or to live in Bandung.

f. As . . . as

Example: You’re allowed to live here as long as you pay the monthly fee

g. Not only… but.

Example: Kim is not only talkative but also funny.

3. Subordinating Conjuction

Subordinating conjunction also called 'subordinators', is conjunctive introduce a sentence. Conjunctive 'subordinating' is used in the adverb clause which can not stand alone without any sentence that led her. Examples conjunctive 'subordinating' is as follows.

after
although
as
as if
as long as
as though
because
before
even if
even though

if
if only
in order that
now that
once
rather than
since
so that
than
that

though
till
unless
until
when
whenever
where
whereas
wherever
while

· Time: after, before, when, while, as, as soon as, since, until, by the time, once,whenever, every time, etc.

Example: After playing basketball, they go to their home.

· Cause and effect: Because, now that, since etc.

Example: Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.

He went to bed because he was sleepy.

· Contrast: even though, Although, though etc.

Example: I will get through it although it is hard.

· Direct contrast: while, whereas etc.

Example: Jhon was reading news on TV while his manager was preparing his next schedule.

· Condition: if, unless, only if from, whether or not, even if, in case, in the event that etc.

Example: If you sleep late, you are sleepy.

4. Adverbial Conjunction

           The conjunctive adverbial such as however , moreover , nevertheless , consequently , as result are used to create complex relationships between ideas or ideas in a paragraph. Example:

·         However rich they may be, it still is not enough for them.

·         She dies as the result of her injuries.

CIRCLE

A circle is a simple shape in Euclidean geometry. It is the set of all points in a plane that are at a given distance from a given point, the centre; equivalently it is the curve traced out by a point that moves so¹ that it’s distance from a given point is constant. The distance between any of the points and² the centre is called the radius.

A circle is a simple closed curve which divides the plane into two regions: an interior and³ an exterior. In everyday⁴ use, the term "circle" maybe used interchangeably to refer to either the boundary of the figure, or⁵ to the whole figure including its interior; in strict technical usage, the circle is the former and⁶the latter is called a disk.

A circle may also⁷ be defined as a special ellipse in which the two foci are coincident and⁸ the eccentricity is 0, or⁹ the two-dimensional shape enclosing the most area per unit perimeter squared, using calculus of variations.

The History Of Circle

The circle has been known since¹⁰ before¹¹ the beginning of recorded history. Natural circles would have been observed, such as¹² the Moon, Sun, and¹³ a short plant stalk blowing in the wind on sand, which forms a circle shape in the sand. The circle is the basis for the wheel, which, with related inventions such as¹⁴ gears, makes much of modern machinery possible. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of geometry,astronomy, and¹⁵ calculus.

Early science, particularly geometry, astrology and¹⁶ astronomy, was connected to the divine for¹⁷ most medieval scholars, and many believed that¹⁸there was something intrinsically "divine" or¹⁹ "perfect" that²⁰ could be found in circles.

Some highlights in the history of the circle are 1700 BCE – The Rhind papyrus gives a method to find the area of a circular field. The result corresponds to 256⁄81 (3.16049...) as²¹ an approximate value ofπ. Tughrul Tower from inside. 300 BCE – Book 3 of Euclid's Elements deals with the properties of circles. In Plato's Seventh Letter there is a detailed definition and²²explanation of the circle. Plato explains the perfect circle, and²³ how it is different from any drawing, words, definition or²⁴ explanation.1880 CE– Lindemann proves that²⁵π is transcendental, effectively setting the millennia-old problem of squaring the circle.

PART OF SPEECH (CONJUCTION)

1. So: Coordinating Conjunction (Relative Conjunction)

2. And: Coordinating Conjunction (Cumulative Conjunction)

3. And : Coordinating Conjunction (Cumulative Conjunction)

4. Everyday: Subordinating Conjunction (Time)

5. Either…Or :Coordinating Conjunction (Alternative Conjuction), Corelative Conjunction

6. And: Coordinating Conjunction (Cumulative Conjunction)

7. Also: Coordinating Conjunction (Cumulative Conjunction)

8. And: Coordinating Conjunction (Cumulative Conjunction)

9. Or: Coordinating Conjunction (Alternative Conjuction)

10. Since: Subordinating Conjunction (Time)

11. Before: Subordinating Conjunction (Time)